Titanium is a transition metal. Titanium is extracted from titanium dioxide in a two-stage industrial process. Stage 1 TiO2 + 2 C + 2 Cl2 ⟶ TiCl4 + 2 CO Stage 2 TiCl4 + 4 Na ⟶ Ti + 4 NaCl In Stage 2, 40 kg of titanium chloride was added to 20 kg of sodium. The equation for the reaction is: TiCl4 + 4 Na ⟶ Ti + 4 NaCl Relative atomic masses (Ar): Na = 23 Cl = 35.5 Ti = 48 Explain why titanium chloride is the limiting reactant. You must show your working. – 6153

One thought on “Titanium is a transition metal. Titanium is extracted from titanium dioxide in a two-stage industrial process. Stage 1 TiO2 + 2 C + 2 Cl2 ⟶ TiCl4 + 2 CO Stage 2 TiCl4 + 4 Na ⟶ Ti + 4 NaCl In Stage 2, 40 kg of titanium chloride was added to 20 kg of sodium. The equation for the reaction is: TiCl4 + 4 Na ⟶ Ti + 4 NaCl Relative atomic masses (Ar): Na = 23 Cl = 35.5 Ti = 48 Explain why titanium chloride is the limiting reactant. You must show your working. – 6153”

1. First, I worked out the Mr of TiCl₄, which is 190.

   Then I worked out the moles of sodium:
   20,000/23=870 mol

   Next, I calculated the moles of TiCl₄:
   40,000/ 190 = 211 mol

   The balanced equation shows we need 4 moles of sodium for every 1 mole of TiCl₄,
   so for 211 mol of TiCl₄, we need:

   211 × 4 = 844 mol of Na

   But we have 870 mol of Na, which is more than 844,
   so sodium is in excess.

   Reply