A Level Biology - Exchange & Transport - 2 - Exam Style Questions with Answers

Created on February 27, 2023 By

paruppts12

ALVL_OCR_BIO_3_EXCHANGE_2

1 / 11

Which of the options, A to D, best describes the chloride shift?

hydrogen carbonate ions moving out of red blood cells and chloride ions moving into red blood cells

hydrogen carbonate ions and chloride ions moving into red blood cells

hydrogen ions being buffered by chloride ions in red blood cells

carbonic anhydrase using chloride ions to produce carbonic acid

2 / 11

Which of the statements, A to D, explains why diastole follows systole in the mammalian heart?

Cardiac muscle takes a short time to repolarise after being stimulated.

The SAN receives impulses from the AVN.

The aorta is capable of maintaining the pressure generated by the left ventricle.

Cardiac muscle is myogenic.

3 / 11

Carbon dioxide release during respiration can affect the % oxygen saturation of haemoglobin.
The tertiary structure of haemoglobin is affected when carbon dioxide reacts with water to form carbonic acid.
This reaction releases hydrogen ions.
Which of the statements, A to D, explains this change?

The release of hydrogen ions causes the pH to rise, which increases haemoglobin’s affinity for oxygen.

The release of hydrogen ions causes the pH to fall, which increases haemoglobin’s affinity for oxygen.

The release of hydrogen ions causes the pH to fall, which reduces haemoglobin’s affinity for oxygen.

The release of hydrogen ions causes the pH to rise, which reduces haemoglobin’s affinity for oxygen.

4 / 11

The aquatic crustacean Daphnia magna has a heart that pumps a blood-like liquid called haemolymph around the body cavity.
Which of the statements, A to D, describes the circulatory system of Daphnia magna?

single open

single closed

double closed

double open

5 / 11

0.69

0.31

2.21

3.21

6 / 11

Blood vessels are adapted for their function.
Which of the following statements is / are true?

Statement 1: The walls of arteries near the heart contain a lot of elastic fibres so that they can stretch and recoil to maintain blood pressure.
Statement 2: The walls of the venules contain little muscle.
Statement 3: The walls of arteries contain a lot of muscle fibres to contract and generate pressure in the blood.

Only 1

Only 2 and 3

1, 2 and 3

Only 1 and 2

7 / 11

B

C

D

A

8 / 11

Which of the options, A to D, is a correct statement about tissue fluid?

Tissue fluid is reabsorbed into the capillary by active transport.

Hydrostatic pressure in the capillary causes tissue fluid formation from plasma.

Tissue fluid carries carbon dioxide to muscle cells.

Oncotic pressure in the capillary causes tissue fluid formation from plasma.

9 / 11

The sounds of the heartbeat due to heart valves closing can be described as ‘lub-dub’. The ‘lub’ sound occurs at the beginning of ventricular systole.Which of the options, A to D, describes what is happening when the ‘lub’ sound is heard?

atrio-ventricular valves opening and blood leaving the ventricles

semilunar valves closing and blood entering the ventricles

semilunar valves opening and blood entering the ventricles

atrio-ventricular valves closing and blood leaving the ventricles

10 / 11

Which of the options, A to D, would result in the formation of tissue fluid?

hydrostatic pressure < oncotic pressure

oncotic pressure ≥ hydrostatic pressure

hydrostatic pressure = oncotic pressure

oncotic pressure < hydrostatic pressure

11 / 11

A student studied the structure of a blood vessel and found:
• an outer layer of collagen fibres,
• a thick middle layer of smooth muscle and elastic tissue,
• an innermost layer of endothelial cells.
Which of the options, A to D, identifies the type of blood vessel the student studied?

venule

vein

artery

capillary

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