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Q1.
A local council wants to keep a particular section of a road clear of ice in the winter.
Describe the advantages and disadvantages of keeping the road clear of ice using:
• energy storage
• salt
• undersoil electrical heating.
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(6)
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An advantage of using energy storage could be that thermal energy would be dissipated to the surroundings which could melt the ice. A disadvantage of it could be that large amounts of energy would be lost to the surroundings which makes this system very inefficient. Salt is advantageous because it has a chemical reaction with ice which is exothermic and so releases heat which melts it. A disadvantage of this could be that large amounts of ice may ruin the tarmac on the roads. An advantage undersoil electrical heating could be that it melts the most ice which keeps the road clear but a dsiadvantage is that it is very expensive to keep running.
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Energy Storage
Advantages:Doesn’t need fuel, so it’s cheap to run.
Good for the environment – no pollution.
Disadvantages:
Really expensive to build and look after.
Need to dig deep under roads, which is hard work.
Only works well if there’s enough heat in summer.
Digging can harm animals and nature.
Salt Spreading
Advantages:Easy to get hold of.
Doesn’t cost much.
Disadvantages:
Can harm plants, trees, water, and cars.
Has to be cleaned up afterwards.
Undersoil Heating
Advantages:Works whatever the weather.
Can be turned on or off when needed.
Disadvantages:
Very expensive.
Uses a lot of energy and isn’t good for the environment.
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