Figure shows some properties of three substances, A, B and C. Deduce, using the information in Figure , the structure and bonding of substances A, B and C, explaining their properties in terms of their structure and bonding – 9009.

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1. Substance A – Ionic compound
   Structure: Giant lattice of positive and negative ions held together by strong electrostatic attractions.

   Melting/Boiling Point: High – it takes a lot of energy to overcome the strong ionic bonds.

   Conductivity:

   Solid: ions are fixed in place → does not conduct.

   Molten or dissolved: ions are free to move → conducts electricity.

   🔹 Substance B – Metallic structure
   Structure: Lattice of positive metal ions surrounded by a “sea” of delocalised electrons.

   Melting/Boiling Point: High – energy is needed to weaken the metallic bonds formed by delocalised electrons.

   Conductivity: Delocalised electrons move freely → conducts electricity in both solid and molten states.

   🔹 Substance C – Simple covalent molecule
   Structure: Discrete molecules held together by weak intermolecular (London) forces.

   Melting/Boiling Point: Low – little energy is needed to separate the molecules.
   Conductivity: No free ions or electrons → does not conduct in any state.

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