In this question you will be assessed on using good English, organising information clearly and using specialist terms where appropriate. Plants transport many substances between their leaves and roots. The diagram below shows the direction of movement of substances through a plant. Describe how ions, water and sugar are obtained and transported through plants. In your answer you should refer to materials moving upwards in a plant and to materials moving downwards in a plant.- 7022

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1. Ions:
   Ions are taken into the plant by diffusion or active transport.
   They move from high to low concentration (diffusion) or from low to high (active transport).
   Ions travel in the xylem to the leaves or come from the roots/soil.
   Water:
   Water enters the roots by osmosis.
   It moves from an area with more water to an area with less water.
   Water travels up in the xylem from the roots to the leaves.
   Water is pulled up in the transpiration stream as it evaporates from the leaves.
   Sugar:
   Sugar is made in the leaves during photosynthesis.
   It moves through the phloem.
   Sugar is transported to other parts of the plant or storage areas, and can move up or down the plant.

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