The figure shows cells undergoing mitosis. Describe how the stages of mitosis result in the formation of two diploid cells – 10006

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1. Prophase

   The nuclear membrane (which surrounds the nucleus) breaks down.

   The DNA, which was spread out, now condenses and coils tightly to form visible chromosomes.

   Each chromosome is made of two identical parts called chromatids, joined at the centromere.

   Spindle fibres (thin protein threads) start to form from structures in the cell called centrioles.

   Metaphase

   The chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell — this area is called the equator or metaphase plate.

   The spindle fibres attach to the centromeres of the chromosomes.

   This ensures that each new cell will get one copy of each chromatid.

   Anaphase

   The spindle fibres shorten, pulling the chromatids apart.

   Each chromatid moves to opposite poles (ends) of the cell.

   Now each side of the cell has a complete set of chromosomes.

   Telophase

   A new nuclear membrane forms around each group of chromosomes at the poles.

   The chromosomes begin to uncoil and go back to their string-like form.

   Now the cell has two nuclei, each with the same number of chromosomes.

   Cytokinesis

   This is the final step where the cytoplasm splits.

   The cell divides into two new identical daughter cells.

   Each daughter cell is diploid (has the same number of chromosomes as the original cell).

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