The simplified diagram to show radio waves from a transmitter moving upwards, then meeting a boundary between lower and upper layers of the atmosphere.Explain what happens to the radio waves after they meet the boundary between the lower and upper layers as shown in Figure 6.Your explanation should refer to changes in direction and speed of the waves – 8013.

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1. Wave P bends towards the normal as it enters the new material because it slows down. This shows that refraction has happened.
   Wave Q is reflected off the boundary at the same angle it arrived.
   The speed of wave Q stays the same because it doesn’t enter the new material.

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