The simplified diagram to show radio waves from a transmitter moving upwards, then meeting a boundary between lower and upper layers of the atmosphere. Explain what happens to the radio waves after they meet the boundary between the lower and upper layers as shown in Figure. Your explanation should refer to changes in direction and speed of the waves – 8008.

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1. Wave P refracts towards the normal because it slows down as it enters a different material.

   Wave Q is reflected from the boundary at the same angle it hit the surface.

   The speed of wave Q stays the same, so there is no change in speed for Q.

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