Titanium is a transition metal. Titanium is extracted from titanium dioxide in a two-stage industrial process. Stage 1 TiO2 + 2 C + 2 Cl2 ⟶ TiCl4 + 2 CO Stage 2 TiCl4 + 4 Na ⟶ Ti + 4 NaCl In Stage 2, 40 kg of titanium chloride was added to 20 kg of sodium. The equation for the reaction is: TiCl4 + 4 Na ⟶ Ti + 4 NaCl Relative atomic masses (Ar): Na = 23 Cl = 35.5 Ti = 48 Explain why titanium chloride is the limiting reactant. -6097

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Q1.

Titanium is a transition metal. 

Titanium is extracted from titanium dioxide in a two-stage industrial process. 

Stage 1 TiO2 + 2 C + 2 Cl2 ⟶ TiCl4 + 2 CO 

Stage 2 TiCl4 + 4 Na ⟶ Ti + 4 NaCl

In Stage 2, 40 kg of titanium chloride was added to 20 kg of sodium. 

The equation for the reaction is: 

TiCl4 + 4 Na ⟶ Ti + 4 NaCl 

Relative atomic masses (Ar): Na = 23 Cl = 35.5 Ti = 48 

Explain why titanium chloride is the limiting reactant. 

You must show your working.

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One thought on “Titanium is a transition metal. Titanium is extracted from titanium dioxide in a two-stage industrial process. Stage 1 TiO2 + 2 C + 2 Cl2 ⟶ TiCl4 + 2 CO Stage 2 TiCl4 + 4 Na ⟶ Ti + 4 NaCl In Stage 2, 40 kg of titanium chloride was added to 20 kg of sodium. The equation for the reaction is: TiCl4 + 4 Na ⟶ Ti + 4 NaCl Relative atomic masses (Ar): Na = 23 Cl = 35.5 Ti = 48 Explain why titanium chloride is the limiting reactant. -6097”

  1. Step 1: Calculate moles of sodium (Na)
    Moles of Na = 20,000 ÷ 23 = 870 mol

    Step 2: Calculate moles of titanium tetrachloride (TiCl₄)
    Moles of TiCl₄ = 40,000 ÷ 190 = 211 mol

    Step 3: Compare mole ratios
    The balanced equation shows 4 moles of Na react with 1 mole of TiCl₄.
    So, 211 mol of TiCl₄ would need:
    211 × 4 = 844 mol of Na

    But we have 870 mol of Na, which is more than 844 mol,
    so sodium is in excess.

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